After seeing episode 6, and giving some thought as to the whys and wherefores of how they went about executing Teresa, I realized there were some peculiarities in how things were treated in the organization.
Sample set: Elena, Teresa, Priscilla, Ophelia, Ilena.
Elena is the 'black card' sample. She recognized that she was losing control of her youma-half, and a single Claymore was sent to kill her. The Claymore in question was, of course, Clare, the weakest of the organization. Given that it was done voluntarily, and the failing Claymore chooses who they want to be killed by, it's understandable that only one was sent. The repercussions should that single Claymore fail (eg: they arrived too late and have to fight a fully youma'd-out Claymore and lose) are not clear, but the implication from talks about Priscilla seem to indicate that there will be no further hunt.
So, rule 1: a Claymore may voluntarily accept death.
Teresa is the 'broke the rules' sample. She killed humans, and, regardless of reason for doing so, was marked for death. I don't have the manga handy, but in the anime episode she was being monitored by her 'agent' at the time of the incident, and previous conversations imply that he's constantly monitoring her. Ruble's (sp?) presence in the town that Clare went to before moving up to kill Elena seem to support the probability that agents tend to keep a pretty close watch on their wards, though their absense in the incident with the male awakened one is something that should be noted for future reference.
In any case, when Teresa was marked for death, 4-5 fodder Claymores were sent to kill her. Teresa apparently made no attempt to escape, and generally seemed to be on the verge of accepting her punishment, save for her new ties to Clare and the uncertainty of Clare's future. In defying the organization, the full force brute squad was sent in (numbers 2-5) to take her down, and Teresa seemed to accept the probability that they would continue to hunt her for the rest of her life.
Rule 2: A Claymore may not break the rules of the organization, on pain of death.
I'm going to skip ahead to Ilena. In volume 7 we find that she has gone into hiding after the Priscilla incident. When she uses her abilities to train Clare, she becomes detectable again, and an agent (Rafaela) is immediately dispatched to execute her. This is at least 10 years after the initial incident, possibly longer. This implies two things: one, there is no statute of limitations on an execution order; two: there is no way out of the organization save for death or awakening.
Caveat: some bits I've read about future volumes indicates that there may be a "retired from active duty" status, but I'm not sure of the details there. If there is such a state, I have to wonder why Ilena did not make use of it instead of simply going into hiding. Since she did not, I have to assume that any conditions for doing so did not apply to her situation.
Further ramifications: Since they cannot simply "quit" being Claymores, and since use of their powers always pushes them towards awakening, and since this is a known consequence of their continued active duties, the Organization must be considered complicit in the creation of Awakened Beings. The cessation of using males for Claymores is thus most likely due to the rate of Awakening being too high to keep up with their overall plans.
Rule 3: A Claymore may not quit being a Claymore, on pain of death.
Which brings us to Priscilla, the 'awakened' sample. While her transformation into an Awakened Being was unfortunate, what is more of interest is the reponse Ruble (sp) gives to Clare when asked about how the Organization would deal with a request to eliminate Priscilla. Essentially, it was "an Awakened Being is not our problem unless someone asks for help." More to the point, no specific attempt is being made to eliminate her at this point in time. She 'left' the Organization, and is now a being the Organization is purportedly specifically in the business of killing, yet the previous two rules seem to no longer apply.
Rule 4: An Awakened Claymore is no longer subject to the rules of the Organization, except insofar as money may be involved.
And finally we have Ophelia, the 'psychotic killer' sample. First, she delights in killing, regardless of who it is: youma, Awakened, human or Claymore. It's very difficult to imagine that this is not a known behaviour to the Organization. Particularly at issue is the question of who and where her agent is during the events where she met Clare. In most other cases we've seen so far, the agent usually rather close by. The exception being the incident with the male Awakened. While there are certain survivability issues at work there, there is also the possibility that the agents specifically do not want to be near an Awakened Being for other, specific reasons.
In any case, Ophelia reveals that the only way she can be brought up for punishment is if someone specifically reports her. Lack of witnesses means no punishment, and is a loophole she's happy to take advantage of. It's quite possible that she takes additional delight in the fact that the agents stay away from Awakened Beings, so that when she goes to hunt them she's free of their particular supervision. However the fact that the Organization sent Clare to help her, after the events which seem to imply that they are intent on quietly eliminating certain troublemakers, means that they accept the very high likelyhood that Clare will not return from the mission with Ophelia. It's a very convenient setup in that there's noone who could specifically dispute the 'open' record that this is a legitimate mission.
It does illustrate that there is a distinct difference between the 'public' face and the 'hidden' face of the Organization with respect to their rules. Since Teresa's actions were witnessed publicly, she had to be punished. Since Ophelia's were not, she can get away with it.
Still, the piece that just does not fit is Ilena's execution order. Her only action that seems to have caused that order is to abandon the Organization and go into hiding, returning to living a more 'human' life. Similar to Teresa's situation, she apparently wants to return to being more 'human', which is contrary to the implied goals of the organization, the production of more Awakened Beings. Why is that? And is it related to why the Organization sent Clare's group on a suicide mission? All of them had 'awakened' without turning into monsters; they retained their humanity.
So, time for a few speculative questions.
What does the Organization gain when the Claymores awaken? And what does it lose when a Claymore awakens but keeps her humanity? Since they must lose something if they are that intent on killing them.
Since the organization occasionally sends dispatches to deal with Awakened Beings, are the Awakened also being manipulated at a higher level (clearing out troublemakers or those who are intractable to whatever 'arrangements' the Organization wants)? Ruble explains that they weigh the Organization's resources against the difficulty of the job before accepting, which means they could decline the job if it is to their advantage. If the Awakened are being manipulated, to what end purpose? This is probably unanswerable given the current release of the story.
This needs more thought.