The only difference are in the flagging and status.
One, he is one of ours, thus while that doesn't make it right, it reflects on us. If it is one of theirs, then "balls to it" I think is the phrase.
Two, he is a soldier. Thus means he's a legitimate combatant and thus covered by a host of treaties and conventions that one typically does not get if one is non-orginized military (be it freedom fighters, terrorists, or resident criminal scumbag gang banger). "Terrorists" are generally lumped as not being military and thus do not warrent the rights involving war and treatment of prisoners...that sort of thing. It also means crimes committed by a solder run though those treaties and military justice systems.
However I think the general practise of "firing squad" is still on the books for the military. It has been long gone from almost any Civil books. Lots of States don't even have a death penalty anymore. While we won't hand him over to the Afghan, it is possible to have a military hearing, find him guilty and then have the Afghan witness the execution by firing squad (from a distance for security reasons). They might like the show.
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