Anyway about the traditional katana vs modern katana bit. Mythbusters have told us that modern katanas are weaker.
Modern katanas are probably hammered the same way as normal swords, just hammered into the shape of a katana. They are just strong carbon steel and break smilarly to carbon steel subjected to impact.
But traditional tamahagane katanas are hammered and folded thousands of times to get thousands of layers and given extremely strict treatments to make it much more flexible and durable. It also takes several weeks to hand sharpen the blade with precise sharpening stones to get a flawless blade.
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