I don't think one should make too much of a Japanese author inserting one bit of modern Japanese thinking into his story. I doubt he put all that much thought into it.
The gender equality is modern. The monarchy and slavery isn't. All in all, it's probably a patchwork of whatever the author thought was cool or would serve the story.
The absence of myth about super-advanced ancestors or of anything much from the past doesn't point to post-apocalyptic. More like "they've got their own history, which doesn't look much like ours."
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