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Given that the society in the world of Psycho-Pass has no qualms about locking up a five year old boy in fear he could become a criminal (something most people would consider unethical), I would think that if such genetic manipulation existed, they would gladly use them in order to ensure crime would disappear. So I think the reason they don't do it is simple: they can't yet. It's not because technology is so advanced that genetics have to be as well. There are possibly hundreds of genes responsible for criminal behavior, if not more. It's possible they hit a wall at some point.
It is also possible that genetics manipulation are commonplace but aren't advanced enough to completely eradicate all kinds of predisposition to "unacceptable behaviors".
Hopefully, the anime will provide us with more information later on.
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