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Most common laws are based on Biblical laws to one degree or another. The difference is using ideals...the concept of something, rather than the law of something. One takes the basic intent of a law and uses it as an ideal, while writing a more pratical law that suits the world as it is today.
Sharia law, from what I understand, takes the religious context as literal and thus doesn't even attempt to be an ideal of something, but the something as written directly (sometimes losing the intent of the words in place for the words themselves).
It would be if you made the Torah the legal code for everything (it is the basis of the two major monotheistic religions, Christianity and Islam). That doesn't work (fuctionally) in today's multicultural world. It works as a background (since a lot of Common Law is based on the Torah in some respects), but not as direct law. Especially since it was written for a specific people in a specific region, at a specific time. Things change.
Even things in the Constitution change. That is why we have Amendments. At such time as our species leaves this planet, the laws will again need to be changed to fit the situation. The old laws can be used as ideals to follow, but the new words need to reflect the times and locations.
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